There is evidence that exposure to PFAS can lead to adverse human health effects. According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, there is evidence from human and animal studies that suggest high levels of certain PFAS may lead to increased cholesterol levels, changes in liver enzymes, small decreases in infant birth weights, decreased vaccine response in children, increased risk of high blood pressure or pre-eclampsia in pregnant women, and increased risk of kidney or testicular cancer.